Although an Automated Fare Collection System is cost-effective and convenient in the long term, the initial installation cost is significant. Authorities must invest a significant amount of money in order to develop a fully functional infrastructure. Furthermore, it becomes economically impractical for authorities to implement this system for a limited number of passengers, which is predicted to limit AFC system demand in the near future. Integration software, station computer system, central server system, smartcards, handheld devices, and automated fare gates are all required for AFC system installation. Automated Fare Collection System determine the fare that the user must pay based on the system's entry and exit locations. These methods were paper-based, but the gradual adoption of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) allows for the use of electronic tickets, which helps to cut costs and enhances infrastructure control. Nonetheless, these systems must be secure against potential fraud and must protect users' privacy. The service provider is unable to reveal the identities of its users, and different travels of the same user are unlinkable. However, if people misbehave, their anonymity may be withdrawn. This mechanism was created in order to use personal mobile devices. AFC (Automatic Fare Collection System) for urban rail transportation is a computer-controlled closed network system of automatic ticketing, checking, billing, and calculating. It is a complete charge management system based on computer, communication, network, and automatic control technologies, among others. An automated fee collection system is, at its heart, a set of hardware and software components that work together to provide riders with a speedy and user-friendly fare service. There are electronic validators, POS terminals, fare gates, and ticket vending devices on the hardware side. Fare collection systems (account-based or otherwise) handle and transfer rider and payment information, which is then processed in a back end panel. a fast scan of their ticket or smartphone app's QR code Riders can select from a number of fare media inside an automated fare collecting system, including mobile applications, smart cards, EMV (bank cards that serve as a payment and validation tool), paper tickets, and more. They can validate onboard with a single tap/swipe of their card, depending on the fare media they select. The SWOT analysis for the electronic accounting systems of passenger traffic employing state and multiple vendors' fare cards was performed to determine the implementation possibilities. Application/Improvement: The findings of the automated system comparative analysis enabled the existing concept to be supplemented with internal control components for autonomous elements. The authors proposed introducing "stop list" units between synchronization periods in the execution of fare transactions, as well as differential risk transfer for the system user's fare fixing.
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